Administration of criminal justice

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Introduction

The hierarchy of needs by Maslow was established by Abraham Maslow in the early 20th century through the Theory of human motivation which is categorized as a psychology theory. The theory has a five-level human needs model that is displayed in hierarchy form with levels within a pyramid. Maslow’s theory dictates that needs below in the hierarchy levels ought to be satisfied before individuals can move to needs above. The model five levels are demonstrated by the figure below (Allen & Sawhney, 2009).

Esteem

Love/ belonging

Safety

Psychological

Self- actualization

Maslow’s model could be applied in criminal justice administration in several ways by focusing on the various leadership theories. Individuals and businesses can use Maslow’s findings in developing leadership styles that suit their employee needs. This brings out an organization setting that can foster personal development and able to inspire workers to bring out their best. Criminal justice administrators who implement Maslow’s theory should focus on changing their organization’s management practices ensuring the satisfaction of their employee’s needs. Leadership effectiveness is crucial and of importance in all branches of criminal justice administration systems (Cronkhite, 2007).

Traits approach in the theory of leadership involves majoring or characteristics and personal traits which assumes that their several traits that an individual has to poses to be a leader. The various traits include physical traits, personality traits, social traits, and personal skills and abilities. The traits approach establishes that successful leaders are extra ambitious, higher achievement sense and responsibility, high integrity and honesty levels, more self-confidence, better people skills and are more motivated. Criminal justice administrators can apply Maslow’s which establishes that traits theory largely predicts whether an individual exhibits leadership trait skill (Cronkhite, 2012).

Situation leadership models could base on Maslow’s theory. This focuses on the moderating impact of situations on leadership. Through this approach it establishes different situations require different leadership styles. This approach builds on leadership effectiveness is based on contextual factors, contingency or situational approaches that primarily focuses on moderating the impact of various situational variables relationship would bring concerning leader traits, their behaviours and the outcome. Style approach in leadership theory could also employ Maslow’s theory, this majorly focuses on leadership styles and observable styles of the behaviour of an individual. This approach focused on how leadership behaviour styles were reacted to by subordinates, the main idea was to prescribe on how leaders are expected to behave. It established that leaders change their leadership styles basing on the situation availed to them rather than adapting and maintaining their leadership styles across all situations. Criminal justice administrators must ensure balance constancy witch change and adaptation predictability (McGuire, 2012).

Criminal justice administrators could apply different theories in criminal justice administration sectors, among these theories is the theory by Douglas McGregor who established Theory X and Theory Y. theory Y established the basis of good management practice advocating the fact that workers aren’t mere pawns in a company which was believed by organizations of theory X type. These two theories establish how leaders’ perceptions on the motivations of their team members affect the way they behave allowing to adapt to their approach. For example, theory X and theory Y has been key in establishing system supportive management has been effective in the provision of an environment that is work satisfying in the policing sector for individual officers which is highly applicable in prosecution, courts and criminal corrections (Stojkovic et al., 2014).

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs application in criminal justice administration application enables leaders to hone their leadership styles to be able to suit their followers’ needs. Criminal justice administration leadership isn’t different from other forms of leadership found in various organizations hence employees are prompted to garner learner from where it exists and incorporate it into criminal justice administration systems. Business leaders in most situations do not have to worry regarding basic needs such as hunger and thirst unless their employees’ wages are so low or their financial situation is precious in that those concerns are paramount in their workforce minds. In the level next up the fulfilment of employees’ safety needs through improving workforce, safety helps in fulfilling important needs. On the next level promotion of corporation helps in fulfilling social needs, which is comparable to letting an employee be aware of their part of the company’s integral mission. After the leader has accomplished all is supposed to be done to meet lower levels needs, then the leader can focus on fostering individual development. For example, career guidance is crucial in assisting employees to be able to achieve their potentials which consequently empowers them by increasing authority and responsibility. This has greatly contributed to communication effectiveness in criminal justice administration (Cronkhite, 2012).

According to Maslow’s beliefs, employees are motivated when their rights are respected and upheld by the administrators. This makes the administrators to have an extra role of acting in a human manner when complicated decisions on crime are to be made. They need to ensure that the decisions are not a threat to their employees. Employees generally work best in an environment where they feel accepted and their rights are respected by their seniors and their colleagues. For example, Administration of criminal justice leadership isn’t different from other leadership forms established in various organizations hence employees are prompted to garner learning from where it exists and incorporate it into administration of criminal justice systems (Cronkhite, 2007).

References

Allen, J. M., & Sawhney, R. (2009). Administration and management in criminal justice: A service quality approach. SAGE.

Cronkhite, C. L. (2007). Criminal justice administration: Strategies for the 21st century. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Cronkhite, C. L. (2012). Law enforcement and justice administration: Strategies for the 21st century. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

McGuire, K. J. (2012). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. An introduction. GRIN Verlag.

Stojkovic, S., Kalinich, D., & Klofas, J. (2014). Criminal justice organizations: Administration and management. Cengage Learning.

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