EXERCISE 1: Cranial Bones: identify the bones in the following image
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10
EXERCISE 2: Label the craniometric points below on this skull: see definitions below-
Vertex (V) the uppermost point on the cranium when it is in the Frankfort Plane Opisthocranion (Op) the most posterior point on the skull not on the occipital protuberance Basion (Ba) the midpoint of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum Orale (Or) the centered point on the hard palate if you draw a line across the curves behind the two medial incisors Staphylion (St) the centered point on the back of the hard palate if you draw a line across the curves in the posterior margin of the palate Superior Border of the Eye: the highest point on the inside of the eye socket Second Molar based on the 2-1-2-3 dental pattern 1 5 2 6 3 7 4 NOW: measure and calculate the Palatal Index: Measure the distance between the second molars in millimeters, then divide by the distance between Staphylion and Orale (width of the palate divided by the length of the palate) Multiply that by 100, and this is your Palatal Index: _____________________
EXERCISE 3: Compare these images of a skull with the material at the following links.
Link 1: http://www.efossils.org/page/compant Link 2: http://www.efossils.org/page/compant Link 3: http://www.efossils.org/page/compant Which genus and species does the skull belong to, and please name 2 specific bones and their morphology and/or craniometric points that are unique to this skulls genus and species to support your identification.
EXERCISE 4: Compare these images of a skull with the material at the following links.
Link 1: http://www.efossils.org/page/compant Link 2: http://www.efossils.org/page/compant Link 3: http://www.efossils.org/page/compant Which genus and species does the skull belong to, and please name 2 specific bones and their morphology and/or craniometric points that are unique to this skulls genus and species to support your identification.
EXERCISE 4: Modern Human Variation Please answer the following questions: (reference: Lab Manual chapter 8-Modern Human Variation)
1) Which of these individuals demonstrates Allens Rule and how? 2) Which of the following geographical areas is home to people with the darkest skin colors, and why is
this adaptation present in these populations (in other words, what is the advantage to a lot of melanin in the skin?) East Asia, Central Africa, Northern Europe, or Eastern North America?
3) Define hypoxia, explain why hypoxia is common at high altitudes, and name the gene and the source of that gene that helps Tibetans live at high altitudes.
4) Complete the following exercise: