HUMAN MICROBIAL DISEASE
– Define Pathogen
– Define Infectious disease
– Define Infection
– Define Primary Infection
– Define Secondary Infection
– Define Opportunistic Infection
– Define Accidental Infection
– Define Pathogenicity
– Define Virulence
– Define Virulence Factors
– Define Lethal dose
– Outline the 4 steps a pathogen must complete to cause an infectious disease
– What is the difference between direct and indirect transmission? Provide examples
– What is a common vehicle transmission? Provide examples
– What is the criteria for Airborne transmission? Provide examples
– What are 3 criteria about skin that makes it an effective barrier against microbes?
– What are 3 criteria about mucous membranes that makes it an effective barrier against
microbes?
– List one example of how a pathogen might penetrate a skin or mucous membrane barrier
– Define Exotoxin and list at least 4 features they have
– Define Endotoxin and list at least 4 features they have
– List an example of a waterborne transmission disease
– List an example of a airborne transmission disease
– List an example of a contact transmission disease
– List an example of a vector transmission disease
– Influenza virus has an envelope that contains 2 types of protein spikes. Name and
describe them
– Why are spike antigens good at evolving?
– Name 3 characteristics about latent and slow (persistent) Viral Infections
– How are viruses able to bring about cancer cell division?
– Describe the difference between Viruses and Retroviruses in regards to cancer
development
– What is a vaccination?
– Define Attenuated Vaccines
– Define Inactivated Vaccines
– Define Subunit Vaccines
– Define DNA Vaccines
– Define Cutaneous Mycoses and its effect in humans
THE CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS
– Define Sterilization
– Define Bactericidal
– Define Bacteriostatic
– Describe sterilization by heat
– Describe sterilization by irradiation
– Describe sterilization by filtration
– What is disinfection?
– List and describe 3 types of disinfectants
– Describe the Kinetics of Cell death
– Draw and describe the kinetics of cell death for any microorganisms.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
– Define Antibiotic
– What is a key component of antibiotics?
– Define Infection
– Name 5 antibiotics and the diseases they are typically used for
– Name and describe 6 properties that antibiotics should have
– What are 4 ways that antibiotics work?
– Describe and give an example of disruption of cell membranes as it relates to antibiotics
– Describe and give an example of inhibition of protein synthesis as it relates to antibiotics
– Describe and give an example of inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis as it relates to
antibiotics
– Summarize in 5 sentences resistance to antibiotics
– Provide 5 examples and describe 5 different ways bacteria can be resistant to antibiotics
– Summarize in 5 sentences how bacteria resistance arises
– Describe the pros and cons between broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum antibiotics in 3
sentences
– Define an Antiviral
– Why are antiviral drugs not as common as antibacterial drugs?
– List and provide a example of the 4 ways antivirals work
– Describe how Antifungals work
– List and describe 5 examples of Antifungal agents
– Why is it hard to target Antiprotozoal Agents?
– List and describe examples of Antiprotozoal Agents (At least 3)
– Give a 3 sentence summary on the future of Antimicrobials (in your own words)
