Report on Ebola Epidemic in West Africa 2014

Ebola Epidemic

Group member?Anthony Artur Francis

https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAhUIUysKHUR3C5kQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=ebola&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgQIABAeMgQIABAeOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQIABAMUJ-MA1jangNg-aMDaAFwAHgAgAGBAogBvgiSAQUwLjEuNJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&sclient=img&ei=x0lFX9PED4imrQHE7q3ICQ&bih=627&biw=1200&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892#imgrc=I-ZgAfKY-shKtM
https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAhUIUysKHUR3C5kQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=ebola&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgQIABAeMgQIABAeOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQIABAMUJ-MA1jangNg-aMDaAFwAHgAgAGBAogBvgiSAQUwLjEuNJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&sclient=img&ei=x0lFX9PED4imrQHE7q3ICQ&bih=627&biw=1200&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892#imgrc=I-ZgAfKY-shKtM
https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAhUIUysKHUR3C5kQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=ebola&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgQIABAeMgQIABAeOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQIABAMUJ-MA1jangNg-aMDaAFwAHgAgAGBAogBvgiSAQUwLjEuNJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&sclient=img&ei=x0lFX9PED4imrQHE7q3ICQ&bih=627&biw=1200&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892#imgrc=I-ZgAfKY-shKtM
What is Ebola? ? A rare virus ( first discovered in Congo in 1976 ) ? The outbreak in West Africa (2014-2016) was the largest recently ? Spread in nature among human beings ? It can cause the deadliest viral hemorrhagic fever in the world today

https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAh UIUysKHUR3C5kQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=ebola&gs_

https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved= 2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAhUIUysKHUR3C5kQ2

https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAhUIUysKHUR3C5kQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=ebola&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgQIABAeMgQIABAeOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQIABAMUJ-MA1jangNg-aMDaAFwAHgAgAGBAogBvgiSAQUwLjEuNJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&sclient=img&ei=x0lFX9PED4imrQHE7q3ICQ&bih=627&biw=1200&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892#imgrc=I-ZgAfKY-shKtM
https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAhUIUysKHUR3C5kQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=ebola&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgQIABAeMgQIABAeOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQIABAMUJ-MA1jangNg-aMDaAFwAHgAgAGBAogBvgiSAQUwLjEuNJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&sclient=img&ei=x0lFX9PED4imrQHE7q3ICQ&bih=627&biw=1200&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892#imgrc=I-ZgAfKY-shKtM
https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAhUIUysKHUR3C5kQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=ebola&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgQIABAeMgQIABAeOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQIABAMUJ-MA1jangNg-aMDaAFwAHgAgAGBAogBvgiSAQUwLjEuNJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&sclient=img&ei=x0lFX9PED4imrQHE7q3ICQ&bih=627&biw=1200&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892#imgrc=I-ZgAfKY-shKtM
https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAhUIUysKHUR3C5kQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=ebola&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgQIABAeMgQIABAeOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQIABAMUJ-MA1jangNg-aMDaAFwAHgAgAGBAogBvgiSAQUwLjEuNJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&sclient=img&ei=x0lFX9PED4imrQHE7q3ICQ&bih=627&biw=1200&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892#imgrc=I-ZgAfKY-shKtM
Ebola virus is a severe infectious disease virus that can cause Ebola hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates, and can spread in nature. Scientists believe that bats are possible original hosts of the virus.

ttps://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU8 91AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3

Symptoms? nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, changes in skin color, body aches, internal bleeding, external bleeding, fever and so on.

ttps://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892 &sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3

Countries in Africa, including Congo, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, are most affected by Ebola.

ttps://www.google.com/search? q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891 AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O 3

https://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3clEtOEaOrkEKmLE9Kruw:1598458664640&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8hJPHornrAhVKXSsKHZG9AB4Q_AUoAXoECB8QAw&biw=1440&bih=772#imgrc=9objKPdSovFBDM
https://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3clEtOEaOrkEKmLE9Kruw:1598458664640&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8hJPHornrAhVKXSsKHZG9AB4Q_AUoAXoECB8QAw&biw=1440&bih=772#imgrc=9objKPdSovFBDM
https://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3clEtOEaOrkEKmLE9Kruw:1598458664640&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8hJPHornrAhVKXSsKHZG9AB4Q_AUoAXoECB8QAw&biw=1440&bih=772#imgrc=9objKPdSovFBDM
https://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3clEtOEaOrkEKmLE9Kruw:1598458664640&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8hJPHornrAhVKXSsKHZG9AB4Q_AUoAXoECB8QAw&biw=1440&bih=772#imgrc=9objKPdSovFBDM
Public health emergencies of international concern

Global Issue

? Potential to extend beyond the borders of the affected country

? May require immediate international action.

ttps://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891A U892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3

Economic impact

ttps://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3

Social Impact

ttps://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA _enAU891AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3

? Social chaos ? displacement of children

Economic Impact

https://parstoday.com/zh/radio/uncategorised-i50552

https://parstoday.com/zh/radio/uncategorised-i50552
International Assistance

The international community (International organizations/ powerful governments?has given aid and assistance to defeating the ebola virus

https://news.un.org/zh/story/2018/08/1016642

https://news.un.org/zh/story/2018/08/1016642
World Health Organization the United Nations

WFP had provided food assistance to more than 2 million people

ttps://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3

750 million RMB worth of materials/more than 1,000 medical workers

http://world.chinadaily.com.cn/2015-10/22/content_22257298.htmhttp://world.chinadaily.com.cn/2015-10/22/content_22257298.htm

http://world.chinadaily.com.cn/2015-10/22/content_22257298.htm
http://world.chinadaily.com.cn/2015-10/22/content_22257298.htm
National Research

In 2014 through 2015, more than 28,000 people in the West African countries of Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leona were affected by the Ebola virus disease (EVD) and more than 11,000 died

(WHO, 2015). Transmission of the virus has been stopped in the affected countries, but likely left a lasting impact, and could return.

? In March 2014, an outbreak of Ebola spread from south eastern Guinea to Sierra Leone, Liberia and Nigeria

? In early August, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Ebola crisis an international public health emergency and scaled up an international, regional and national campaign to bring the outbreak under control

? Every day, the death toll from the crisis climbed higher and higher

? Complete breakdown of services and significant loss of human life

? The humanitarian response (UN) ? Traditional public health actors conducted routine surveillance activities, such as

contact tracing and active case finding ? Humanitarian actors distributed cash and food and established isolation and treatment

capacity; provided safe, dignified, and culturally appropriate burials; implemented infection prevention and control measures;

Economical Impacts

Epidemics can disrupt trade and service delivery through travel restrictions, and lost productivity due to illness and

death.

https://reliefweb.int/report/world/how-outbreaks-ebola-extract- huge-social-and-economic-costs

https://reliefweb.int/report/world/how-outbreaks-ebola-extract-huge-social-and-economic-costs
https://reliefweb.int/report/world/how-outbreaks-ebola-extract-huge-social-and-economic-costs
Economic Impact Aside from the devastating health effects, the Ebola epidemic also had a pronounced socio-economic impact in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. According to 2014 projections from the World Bank3, an

estimated $2.2 billion was lost in 2015 in the gross domestic product (GDP)4 of the three countries.

This was mainly due: ? a slowdown in private sector investment ? reduced agricultural production ? Reduced cross-border trade ? Travel Restrictions

Measurement and Interventions

? The international response to the West African Ebola epidemic has been widely characterized as slow, weak, and disorganized (Gostin and Friedman, 2014; MSF, 2015; Nature, 2014; Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, 2015)

? On August 8, 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the epidemic to be a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) as defined by the International Health Regulations (IHR)

? In July 2014, the WHO convened an emergency meeting of health ministers from eleven countries and announced collaboration on a strategy to co-ordinate technical support to combat the epidemic.

? In September 2014, the United Nations Security Council declared the Ebola virus outbreak in Western Africa “a threat to international peace and security” and unanimously adopted a resolution urging UN member states to provide more resources to fight the outbreak.

? In May 2015, Dr Margaret Chan indicated, “demands on WHO were more than ten times greater than ever experienced in the almost 70-year history of this Organization”[502][503] and on 23 March, she stated that “the world remains woefully ill-prepared to respond to outbreaks that are both severe and sustained.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK401927/#
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK401927/#
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK401927/#
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK401927/#
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK401927/#
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic#cite_note-503
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic#cite_note-504
Preventive Measures Taken Travelers were screened at facilities.People working closely with Ebola patients were encouraged to wear protective suits and masks. Patients were isolated and quarantined. Quarantine and Travel Ban were introduced across outbreak hotspots

Local research

First-hand Local Response to Ebola

Sector Response

Localised customised solutions

Enhanced management

Locating the patients

Locating patients

Contacts followed

Contacts interviewed

Discharge after 21 days if no symptoms are present

Identifying contacts Cases identified

Isolation unit

Treatment unit

Sector response

Localised customised solutions

Enhanced management

Case Study: Liberia

? By using sector and local response, Liberias real death tolls (11310) were much lower than the estimated death toll of 20000+

CDC (2019)

Local impacts of Ebola

Local economic impact of ebola Estimates of GDP lost due to the Ebola outbreak in 2014 and 2015 in $US millions

Local social impacts of ebola

1. Stigma 2. Worsening of poverty 3. Orphans 4. Education closure 5. Other diseases not

prioritised

__MACOSX/Assignment Task/._Epidemic presentation FINAL.pdf
Assignment Task/Report template WRITE HERE!!!.docx
MUF0151 Contemporary Issues Unit 1
{Ebola Epidemic}

{insert appropriate photo below}

{your name}

{Your student number}

{20 Sept}

Table of Contents Introduction 2 Global findings 3 National findings 4 Local findings 5 Discussion and recommendations 6 References 7

Introduction
Global findings
National findings
Local findings
Discussion and recommendations
References
4

__MACOSX/Assignment Task/._Report template WRITE HERE!!!.docx
Assignment Task/Student Guide.pdf
MUF0151 Contemporary Issues 1

Case Study Investigation – Report structure guidance for students (1200-1500 words (+/- 10%) not including your references.

Introduction (1 paragraph)

Give an overview about the issues you chose (short version) including:

What is the issue?

Where is this an issue briefly refer to the local, national, global scales?

Why and for who is this an issue?

Summarise the most significant social, economic and environmental aspects

to the issue?

NOTE: The introduction is designed as a brief summary (1 paragraph) of the whole

report.

Sometimes it can be best to write it AFTER you have written the other sections of the

report.

Research findings

Global ( Approx 2 paragraphs)

Write about the issue at a global level. Include evidence and data from a range of

sources.

How is the issue understood at a global level?

What are the political, social, economic and environmental aspects and

impacts of the issue at the national and global level?

What is being done at this level in response to the issue?

What are the results?

National (Approx 2 paragraphs).

Write about the issue at a national level. Choose one or two countries and include

evidence and data from a range of sources.

How is the issue understood at a national level?

What are the political, social, economic and environmental aspects and

impacts of the issue at the national level?

What is being done at this level in response to the issue?

What are the results?

Local (Approx 2 paragraphs).

Write about a local response to the issue by focusing on the work of one or two

groups or organisations.

Which person/group/organization did you investigate?

What is the work of this organization?

How did they respond and intervene to the issue at the local level?

What were the results?

Are they connected at all to the issue at a National or Global level?

How does their response address the social, economic and environmental

impacts?

Discussion & Recommendations (Approx 2 paragraphs)

This final section acts like a conclusion. Here discuss the significance of your

findings and make some recommendations in relation to your issue.

Summarize your understanding of the issue at the 3 levels local, national,

global in terms of the social, economic and environmental impacts?

What does your research suggest about the challenges posed by this issue

and the possible responses?

What are the implications of this issue for people locally, nationally and

globally if nothing is done or if the issue is not resolved?

What else could be done, or done better in relation to this issue? How does

the issue link to sustainability?

References

You are expected to use full APA referencing throughout this report.

Please note: This is general guidance to support you in writing your report and not

a rigid set of tasks that you must do. Every report will be different, and the final

format will very much depend on the topic, the research carried out and the way

the findings are synthesised.

__MACOSX/Assignment Task/._Student Guide.pdf
Assignment Task/Task sheet and rubric .pdf
Assessment 3

Case Study Investigation Report

Word Limit 1000-1200 words

(+/-10%)

Due Date Week 14

Weighting 30%

Time In class and homework

Planning, researching, writing, editing

Once your group has shared the research from your Group Investigation, then each individual will

report on the findings of the Group Investigation using the Report structure and template

provided.

1. Begin to plan your report using the documents called Report structure guidance for

students and Report structure and template. (You will find these in the LMS).

2. As you complete your initial planning, take note of remaining gaps in your research.

3. Complete further research, as needed, to help you complement the resources that were

gathered as part of the Group Investigation

4. Consult with your teacher, as needed, during the research and planning stages.

5. Write a first draft of your report; dont forget to include citations and a reference list.

6. Proof-read and edit and get some peer feedback on the first draft of your report.

7. Submit your draft report to your teacher, via Turn It In, for feedback.

8. Use the feedback from your teacher, and peers, to review and edit your report.

9. Complete a final proof-read and edit of your report before the final submission date.

Reminders/Tips for the report process:

? While the Report structure might be a new skill and text type that you are learning, you can

still use the TEEEL structure for your paragraphs.

Marking Rubric Report

Criteria 10

very high

9 8 – High 7 6- Medium 5 4- Low 3 2 Very low 1 0*

The student has completed all to a very high standard

Very high to high

The student has completed to a high standard

High to Medium

The student has completed to a satisfactory standard

Medium to low

The student shows low levels of completion

Low to very low

The student shows a very low level of completion

very low to not demonst rated

The student has completed all to a very high standard

Very high to high

The student has completed to a high standard

High to Medium

The student has completed to a satisfactory standard

Medium to low

The student shows low levels of completion

Low to very low

The student shows a very low level of completion

very low to not demonst rated

The student has completed all to a very high standard

Very high to high

The student has completed to a high standard

High to Medium

The student has completed to a satisfactory standard

Medium to low

The student shows low levels of completion

Low to very low

The student shows a very low level of completion

very low to not demonst rated

Very High – 5

4.5 High – 4 3.5 Medium – 3 2.5 Low – 2 1.5 Very low – 1 .5 0*

The student has completed all to a very high standard

Very high to high

The student has completed to a high standard

High to Medium

The student has completed to a satisfactory standard

Medium to low

The student shows low levels of completion

Low to very low

The student shows a very low level of completion

very low to not demonst rated

The student has completed all to a very high standard

Very high to high

The student has completed to a high standard

High to Medium

The student has completed to a satisfactory standard

Medium to low

The student shows low levels of completion

Low to very low

The student shows a very low level of completion

very low to not demonst rated

Case Study Investigation Has undertaken research by identifying and analysing relevant understandings and responses to the issue at the local level.

Additional Research

Has extended this research using additional resources to explore and report on the issue at a National and Global level.

Wider impacts

Has considered the impacts of this issue through the pillars of sustainability- social, economic and environmental aspects

Criteria

Effective report writing Demonstrates competence and confidence in using the report structure. All appropriate subheadings used. All sections of the report contain the relevant information and address the elements required. Entire report contains a logical paragraph structure and is easy to follow.

Referencing and citations

Provides complete and accurate details for all sources using APA style

* Not demonstrated Mark: /40

__MACOSX/Assignment Task/._Task sheet and rubric .pdf
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