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With 85% of the CI under private ownership, the Federal Government took steps to create a framework that would provide guidance to the security and resiliency planning efforts of the various CI Sectors. DHS’s National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) is that framework. The NIPP aligns with the National Preparedness System called for in Presidential Policy Directive 8 (PPD-8) but maintains a focus on Critical Infrastructure (CI). It is intended to be flexible and adaptable in nature, while providing  consistent methodologies and strategies to guide the development of CI Sector Specific Plans (SSPs) .Sub-section 2 should provide some background to the NIPP and discuss some of its key concepts and goals. HINT: Don’t overlook the Risk Assessment Framework; it is the foundation of the planning process.